进阶课程（2）JSON解析与页面渲染

对URL中的中文字符串进行编码

在 Swift 中可以使用 URLEncoding.queryString 或 URLEncoding.default 来对 URL 中的中文进行编码。

示例代码如下：

let originalString = "https://www.example.com/中文字符"
let encodedString = originalString.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: .urlQueryAllowed)
print(encodedString)

或者

let originalString = "https://www.example.com/中文字符"
let encodedString = originalString.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: .urlQueryAllowed)
print(encodedString)

解析JSON

使用swift中的JSONDecoder 进行解析，示例如下:

struct User: Codable {
    let name: String
    let age: Int
}

let jsonString = "{\"name\":\"John\",\"age\":25}"
let jsonData = jsonString.data(using: .utf8)
let user = try! JSONDecoder().decode(User.self, from: jsonData!)

对于多层模型嵌套的数据：

struct Response: Codable {
    let code: Int
    let msg: String
    let data: Data
}

struct Data: Codable {
    let page: Int
    let totalCount: Int
    let totalPage: Int
    let limit: Int
    let list: [Food]
}

struct Food: Codable {
    let foodId: String
    let name: String
    let healthLevel: Int
    let calory: String
}

let jsonData = """
{"code":1,"msg":"数据返回成功！","data":{"page":1,"totalCount":2136,"totalPage":214,"limit":10,"list":[{"foodId":"5a4aa4442b9f5d97","name":"苹果","healthLevel":1,"calory":"53.0"},{"foodId":"d3607294c2a363fc","name":"苹果蕉","healthLevel":1,"calory":"90.0"},{"foodId":"14ead7edd07f9bbf","name":"木苹果","healthLevel":2,"calory":"134.0"},{"foodId":"78bc5e0d00229c70","name":"星苹果","healthLevel":1,"calory":"67.2"},{"foodId":"1c42e2dc1eaec59b","name":"苹果汁","healthLevel":2,"calory":"23.0"},{"foodId":"da7e701ff97310ce","name":"苹果梨","healthLevel":1,"calory":"53.0"},{"foodId":"b2d252e6742cf803","name":"伏苹果","healthLevel":1,"calory":"48.0"},{"foodId":"2a70671f6545f378","name":"蒸苹果","healthLevel":1,"calory":"35.33"},{"foodId":"15348968ec01a233","name":"青苹果","healthLevel":1,"calory":"49.0"},{"foodId":"8c79ca0b45f28f8a","name":"旱苹果","healthLevel":1,"calory":"34.0"}]}}
"""
let jsonData = jsonData.data(using: .utf8)!
let decoder = JSONDecoder()
let response = try decoder.decode(Response.self, from: jsonData)
print(response.data)